The Relationship between Semantic Joke and Idiom Comprehension in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Semantic jokes involve resolving an incongruity emerging from wordplay or from a violation of world knowledge. The research has shown individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate a lower performance on humor tasks involving social situations; however, less is known about their semantic joke comprehension. This study examines semantic joke comprehension among adolescents with ASD and its possible relationship to vocabulary size, theory of mind (ToM), and idiom comprehension. Thirty-two adolescents with ASD and 32 typically developed (TD) peers participated. Semantic joke comprehension was assessed via a multiple-choice questionnaire and time-limited computer program. Vocabulary, ToM abilities, and idiom comprehension were also tested. The results reveal that adolescents with ASD are as fast in processing semantic jokes as their age- and vocabulary-matched TD peers, but less accurate. Age and idiom comprehension significantly contributed to semantic joke comprehension among both groups. As semantic joke comprehension is based on incongruity resolution, the greater difficulties in comprehension among the adolescents with ASD may have been due to deficits in simultaneously retaining two alternative interpretations and selecting the relevant one (and not due reduced ToM abilities). Similar to the TD group, semantic joke comprehension among the ASD group appeared to be more developed with age.

The Early Humor Survey (EHS): A reliable parent-report measure of humor development for 1- to 47-month-olds.

We created a 20-item parent-report measure of humor development from 1 to 47 months: the Early Humor Survey (EHS). We developed the EHS with Study 1 (N = 219) using exploratory factor analysis, demonstrating the EHS works with 1- to 47-month-olds with excellent reliability and a strong correlation with age, showing its developmental trajectory. We replicated the EHS with Study 2 (N = 587), revealing a one-factor structure, showing excellent reliability, and replicating a strong correlation with age. Study 3 (N = 84) found the EHS correlated with a humor experiment, however it no longer correlated once age was accounted for, suggesting low convergent validity. Subsamples of parents from Studies 2 and 3 showed excellent inter-observer reliability between both parents, and good longitudinal stability after 6 months. Combining participants from all studies, we found the EHS is reliable across countries (Australia, United Kingdom, United States), parent education levels, and children's age groups. We charted expected humor development by age (in months), and the expected proportion of children who would appreciate each humor type by age (in months). Finally, we found no demographic differences (e.g., country: Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, United States; parents' education) in humor when pooling all data. The EHS is a valuable tool that will allow researchers to understand how humor: (1) emerges; and (2) affects other aspects of life, e.g., making friends, coping with stress, and creativity. The EHS is helpful for parents, early years educators, and children's media, as it systematically charts early humor development.

Colorectal barotrauma following compressed air spray to the perineum.

Colorectal injuries caused by high-pressure air compressors are rare and reported especially among industrial workers. They may appear because of intended or accidental injury. In the present paper, we report a case of colorectal injuries due to air insufflation from a distance towards the anus with the clothes on, as a means of a practical joke. The patient presented one day after the trauma to the Emergency Department with complaints of severe abdominal pain and vomiting. On examination, he had signs of peritonitis. A computed tomography (CT) scan did not show any perforation. Emergency laparotomy was performed with the suspicion of pneumatic pressure-induced lesions. A total resection of the colon was made with enterostomy. The pathologic examination of the resected piece revealed multiple gangrenous areas without perforation associated to signs of peritonitis. Follow up was uneventful. A reversal of the enterostomy was scheduled.

How do extraverts process jokes? An event-related potential study on humor processing.

Extraverts and introverts show different preferences for humor regarding different humor types. However, few studies focused on the neurological underpinnings of the connection between extraversion and the stage-wise cognitive model of humor processing. To investigate the influence of extraversion on different sub-stages of humor processing, electroencephalography (EEG) data was collected when participants read and rated jokes and non-jokes. The event-related potential (ERP) data showed a smaller N400 (300-500 ms) but a larger late positive potential (500-900 ms) for jokes than non-jokes, which may reflect lexical association and integrative interpretation in joke processing. The more extraverted group had a larger P2 (200-300 ms) and a smaller N400 than the less extraverted group in response to all the stimuli, which may indicate their different allocation of attentional and cognitive resources to external stimulation. Additionally, the regression analyses showed that the late positivity effects of jokes were positively correlated with the extraversion level. The results could imply extraverts' controlled processes of cognitive resource allocation for jokes, and suggest the same groups' attentiveness and motivation for reward stimuli (i.e., jokes). Importantly, our ERP data could support extraverts' increased exploration for verbal humor from a better temporal aspect for the first time.

Humor perception in schizophrenia appears to be related to disorganization syndrome.

Perception of humor seems to be often disturbed in schizophrenia, yet current literature is limited and ambiguous on its relationship to psychopathology. A sample of 40 schizophrenia-diagnosed subjects provided humor comprehension and funniness ratings for 60 cartoons and 60 stories with funny, neutral and absurd punchlines. Disorganization syndrome was found to associate with deficits in humor comprehension and experienced funniness in non-humorous stimuli after controlling for cognitive performance, age, sex and medication. The findings are discussed in relation to previous studies on the topic.

The transgressive face of joke and humor in the life and work of Freud / A face transgressora da piada e do humor na vida e na obra de freud

Considerar que o pai da psicanálise também possuía um lado jocoso e bem humorado, a princípio, pode causar certo estranhamento. No entanto, ao longo da obra freudiana, bem como em diversos episódios de sua vida pessoal, nos deparamos com momentos e situações inusitadas, nas quais Freud nos dá mostras de seu espirituoso senso de humor e apreço pelas piadas, valorizando-as por sua face transgressora. O presente artigo se propõe a demonstrar como a herança cultural de Freud contribuiu para seu interesse, que, de início, se tratava apenas de mero fascínio pessoal, tornando-se posteriormente tema de investigação psicanalítica.

Considering that the father of psychoanalysis also had a jesting and good humoured side, at first, can cause certain strangeness. However, throughout Freud's work, as well as several episodes of his personal life, we encounter moments and unusual situations in which Freud gives us samples of his witty sense of humor and appreciation for jokes, valuing them for their transgressive face. This article aims to demonstrate how the cultural heritage of Freud contributed to his interest, which, at first, was just personal fascination, later becoming the subject of psychoanalytic investigation.

Sex differences in humor processing: An event-related potential study.

Numerous behavioral studies and a handful of functional neuroimaging studies have reported sex differences in humor. However, no study to date has examined differences in the time-course of brain activity during multistage humor processing between the sexes. The purpose of this study was to compare real-time dynamics related to humor processing between women and men, with reference to a proposed three-stage model (involving incongruity detection, incongruity resolution, and elaboration stages). Forty undergraduate students (20 women) underwent event-related potential recording while subjectively rating 30 question-answer-type jokes and 30 question-answer-type statements in a random order. Sex differences were revealed by analyses of the mean amplitudes of difference waves during a specific time window between 1000 and 1300 ms poststimulus onset (P1000-1300). This indicates that women recruited more mental resources to integrate cognitive and emotional components at this late stage. In contrast, men recruited more automated processes during the transition from the cognitive operations of the incongruity resolution stage to the emotional response of the humor elaboration stage. Our results suggest that sex differences in humor processing lie in differences in the integration of cognitive and emotional components, which are closely linked and interact reciprocally, particularly in women.

La interpretación psicoanalítica: Réson y Ready-Made / The psychoanalytic interpretation: Réson and Ready-Made

En el marco de nuestra investigación, dedicada a la relación entre el síntoma, el sentido y lo real en la última enseñanza de J. Lacan, en el presente trabajo abordamos dos referencias fundamentales con las que elabora su concepción de la interpretación psicoanalítica durante los años setenta: la réson del poeta Francis Ponge y el objeto ready-made del artista Marcel Duchamp.

As part of our investigation, which aims the relationship between the symptom, the sense and the real in the last teachings of J. Lacan, in the present essay we address two fundamental references with which he elaborates his idea of the psychoanalytic interpretation during the seventies: the réson from poet Francis Ponge and the ready-made object from artist Marcel Duchamp.

The capacity to tell a joke: Reflections from work with Asperger children.

The capacity to tell a joke is a highly complex interpersonal event that depends upon the maturation of certain developmental achievements which are absent or stunted in children with Asperger's Syndrome. These include the ability to know another's mind, a sense of interpersonal timing and, most notably, a capacity for abstract thinking. The author discusses Freud's () notion of joke-work, which is akin to dream-work, both of which are pathways to forming mental representations. Freud considered joke-work as a mental activity that operated on the verbal level and the author examines the preverbal dimensions that are rooted in the earliest mother/infant interactions. An extended case discussion of the psychoanalytic treatment of an Asperger boy is offered to illustrate these points and to demonstrate the activity of joke-work as a means of building mental representations.

Emotional structure of jokes: a corpus-based investigation.

Although considerable attention has been paid to the cognitive structure of humor, its emotional structure tends to be overlooked. Humor is often associated with the single emotion of mirth or amusement, while other aspects of its rich emotional structure are ignored. The purpose of the present study was to explore this structure by analyzing the content of a Taiwanese corpus of 204 'negative' jokes to identify the basic emotion was induced and the emotional shift pattern of the joke. Additionally, the corpus might be used to compare emotional reversal jokes (negative to positive emotion) and regular jokes (neutral to positive emotion) as an aid when preparing materials for use in functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) investigations on the neural substrates of humor. In terms of basic emotions, 82 fear jokes, 61 disgust jokes, 42 sadness jokes and 19 anger jokes were found. The most common type of emotional shift was from negative to positive, with the punch lines of 114 jokes providing relief from the negative emotion by either diverting attention away from it or dissolving it entirely.

El lenguaje, el Chiste y el Espíritu: sobre la estructura de las formaciones del inconsciente en Jacques Lacan / A linguagem, o Chiste e o Espírito: sobre a estrutura das formações do inconsciente em Jacques Lacan / The languagem, the Joke and the Spirit: on the structure of the formations of the unconscious in Jacques Lacan / Langue, Blague et Esprit: sur la structure de les formations du inconscient dans Jacques Lacan

Desde la definición del inconsciente propuesta por Jacques Lacan, el inconsciente está estructurado como un lenguaje, el presente artículo - que es parte de una investigación titulada "Genealogía del objeto a" en la obra de Jacques Lacan desde el paradigma del caso clínico, del fondo de investigación "Jorge Millas" de la Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Doctorado de la Universidad Andrés Bello - tiene por objetivo analizar la estructura de dicha fórmula y exponer sus consecuencias para una clínica de las formaciones del inconsciente que, por sostenerse en la estructura del lenguaje, sea coherente con la elaboración conceptual del psicoanálisis. Porque, para hablar de forma válida de las funciones creadoras ejercidas por la estructura del significante sobre el significado, como indica Lacan, no hay que hablar simplemente de la palabra, sino hablar siguiendo el hilo mismo de la palabra para evocar sus propias funciones. Este es el modo como la verdad del sujeto se devela en las formaciones del inconsciente, y el chiste cumple un papel fundamental para Lacan, ya que el es la revelación del fondo, del abismo del lenguaje, desde la contingencia del sin-sentido; contingencia que muestra la fuerza de la articulación significante y por la cual el sujeto debe comprometerse al tomar la palabra y ubicarse respecto del sentido, en el ejercicio del sin-sentido.(AU)

A partir da definição de inconsciente dada por Jacques Lacan, o inconsciente está estruturado como uma linguagem, este artigo - que é parte de uma pesquisa intitulada "Genealogia do objeto" na obra de Jacques Lacan a partir do paradigma do caso, do fundo pesquisa " Jorge Miles " a partir do escritório de Pesquisa e Doutorado da Universidade Andrés Bello - tem por objetivo analisar a estrutura da fórmula e explicar suas implicações para uma clínica em formações do inconsciente , ao considerar na estrutura da linguagem, é consistente com o desenvolvimento conceitual da psicanálise. Pois, para falar de forma válida de funções criativas exercidas pela estrutura do significante sobre o significado , como Lacan sugere, não falo simplesmente da palavra , mas falar seguindo o fio da mesma palavra para evocar suas próprias funções . Este é o caminho a verdade do assunto é revelada nas formações do inconsciente , e a "Chiste" tem um papel fundamental em Lacan, já que é a revelação do fundo, é a revelação do abismo da linguagem, a partir da contingência de "non-sense"; contingência essa que mostra a força significativa da articulação e através da qual o sujeito deve concordar em tomar a palavra e posicionar-se em relação ao significado , no exercício do "non-sense".(AU)

From the definition of the unconscious proposed by Jacques Lacan, "the unconscious is structured like a language", this article - which is part of a research entitled "Genealogy of the object in the work of Jacques Lacan from the paradigm of clinical case", of the Research Fund "Jorge MIllas" from the Board of Research and Doctorate of the University Andrés Bello - aims to analyze the structure of this formula and show its consequences for a clinic of the unconscious formations that, as based in the structure of the language, is consistent with the conceptual elaboration of psychoanalysis. Because to speak validly about the influence of creative functions on the structure of the signifier over the meaning, as Lacan says, it is necessary to speak not only about the word, but instead about the word links that evoke its own function. This is how the truth of the subject is revealed in the unconscious formations, and the joke plays a main role for Lacan, since it is the disclosure of the bottom of the language, the abyss of the language, from the contingency of the non-sense; contingency that shows the strength of the significant articulation and the reason why the subject is committed when taking the word and has to place himself with respect to the sense, in the exercise of the non-sense.(AU)

À partir de la définition du inconscient proposé pour Jacques Lacan, l'inconscient est comme une langue, cet article - qui fait partie de une investigation intitulé "Généalogie de l'objet a dans la oeuvre de Jacques Lacan à partir du paradigme du cas clinique", du fond de l'investigation "Jorge Millas" de la Vice-président de la recherche et de doctorat de l'Université Andrés Bello - vise à analyzer la structure de la formule et expliquer leurs implications pour les formations cliniques de l'inconscient qui, supporté par la structure de la langue, est compatible avec le développement conceptuel de la psychanalyse. Car, pour parler de une forme valable de les fonctions créatives réalisées par la structure du signifiant sur le sens, comme Lacan indique, ne devrait pás simplement prononcer le mot, mais parler suivant le fil du même mot pour évoquer sés propres fonctions. C'est la manière comme la vérité du sujet se révèle dans les formations du inconscient, et la blague joue un rôle clé dans Lacan, car il est la révélation du fonds, l'abîme de la langue, de la contingence de non-sens; contingence qui présente la force de la articulation signifiant et par lequel le sujet doit accepter de prendre le mot et situe par rapport au sens, dans l'exercice de non-sens.(AU)

El lenguaje, el Chiste y el Espíritu: sobre la estructura de las formaciones del inconsciente en Jacques Lacan / A linguagem, o Chiste e o Espírito: sobre a estrutura das formações do inconsciente em Jacques Lacan / The languagem, the Joke and the Spirit: on the structure of the formations of the unconscious in Jacques Lacan / Langue, Blague et Esprit: sur la structure de les formations du inconscient dans Jacques Lacan

Desde la definición del inconsciente propuesta por Jacques Lacan, el inconsciente está estructurado como un lenguaje, el presente artículo - que es parte de una investigación titulada "Genealogía del objeto a" en la obra de Jacques Lacan desde el paradigma del caso clínico, del fondo de investigación "Jorge Millas" de la Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Doctorado de la Universidad Andrés Bello - tiene por objetivo analizar la estructura de dicha fórmula y exponer sus consecuencias para una clínica de las formaciones del inconsciente que, por sostenerse en la estructura del lenguaje, sea coherente con la elaboración conceptual del psicoanálisis. Porque, para hablar de forma válida de las funciones creadoras ejercidas por la estructura del significante sobre el significado, como indica Lacan, no hay que hablar simplemente de la palabra, sino hablar siguiendo el hilo mismo de la palabra para evocar sus propias funciones. Este es el modo como la verdad del sujeto se devela en las formaciones del inconsciente, y el chiste cumple un papel fundamental para Lacan, ya que el es la revelación del fondo, del abismo del lenguaje, desde la contingencia del sin-sentido; contingencia que muestra la fuerza de la articulación significante y por la cual el sujeto debe comprometerse al tomar la palabra y ubicarse respecto del sentido, en el ejercicio del sin-sentido.

A partir da definição de inconsciente dada por Jacques Lacan, o inconsciente está estruturado como uma linguagem, este artigo - que é parte de uma pesquisa intitulada "Genealogia do objeto" na obra de Jacques Lacan a partir do paradigma do caso, do fundo pesquisa " Jorge Miles " a partir do escritório de Pesquisa e Doutorado da Universidade Andrés Bello - tem por objetivo analisar a estrutura da fórmula e explicar suas implicações para uma clínica em formações do inconsciente , ao considerar na estrutura da linguagem, é consistente com o desenvolvimento conceitual da psicanálise. Pois, para falar de forma válida de funções criativas exercidas pela estrutura do significante sobre o significado , como Lacan sugere, não falo simplesmente da palavra , mas falar seguindo o fio da mesma palavra para evocar suas próprias funções . Este é o caminho a verdade do assunto é revelada nas formações do inconsciente , e a "Chiste" tem um papel fundamental em Lacan, já que é a revelação do fundo, é a revelação do abismo da linguagem, a partir da contingência de "non-sense"; contingência essa que mostra a força significativa da articulação e através da qual o sujeito deve concordar em tomar a palavra e posicionar-se em relação ao significado , no exercício do "non-sense".

From the definition of the unconscious proposed by Jacques Lacan, "the unconscious is structured like a language", this article - which is part of a research entitled "Genealogy of the object in the work of Jacques Lacan from the paradigm of clinical case", of the Research Fund "Jorge MIllas" from the Board of Research and Doctorate of the University Andrés Bello - aims to analyze the structure of this formula and show its consequences for a clinic of the unconscious formations that, as based in the structure of the language, is consistent with the conceptual elaboration of psychoanalysis. Because to speak validly about the influence of creative functions on the structure of the signifier over the meaning, as Lacan says, it is necessary to speak not only about the word, but instead about the word links that evoke its own function. This is how the truth of the subject is revealed in the unconscious formations, and the joke plays a main role for Lacan, since it is the disclosure of the bottom of the language, the abyss of the language, from the contingency of the non-sense; contingency that shows the strength of the significant articulation and the reason why the subject is committed when taking the word and has to place himself with respect to the sense, in the exercise of the non-sense.

À partir de la définition du inconscient proposé pour Jacques Lacan, l'inconscient est comme une langue, cet article - qui fait partie de une investigation intitulé "Généalogie de l'objet a dans la oeuvre de Jacques Lacan à partir du paradigme du cas clinique", du fond de l'investigation "Jorge Millas" de la Vice-président de la recherche et de doctorat de l'Université Andrés Bello - vise à analyzer la structure de la formule et expliquer leurs implications pour les formations cliniques de l'inconscient qui, supporté par la structure de la langue, est compatible avec le développement conceptuel de la psychanalyse. Car, pour parler de une forme valable de les fonctions créatives réalisées par la structure du signifiant sur le sens, comme Lacan indique, ne devrait pás simplement prononcer le mot, mais parler suivant le fil du même mot pour évoquer sés propres fonctions. C'est la manière comme la vérité du sujet se révèle dans les formations du inconscient, et la blague joue un rôle clé dans Lacan, car il est la révélation du fonds, l'abîme de la langue, de la contingence de non-sens; contingence qui présente la force de la articulation signifiant et par lequel le sujet doit accepter de prendre le mot et situe par rapport au sens, dans l'exercice de non-sens.

O caminho do humor ou a caminho do humor? / The path of the humor or the path towards humor? / La ruta del humor o el camino del humor?

O presente texto aborda a trajetória do humor na obra de Freud. Enfatiza a distinção entre o chiste, o cômico e o humor quanto aos aspectos econômico, tópico e dinâmico. Procura demonstrar como a metapsicologia do humor, considerado um dom precioso e raro, se oferece como a base para compreendermos os processos de criação sublimatória. Salienta, ainda, a importância do humor como recurso a ser utilizado na clínica psicanalítica no trabalho de desidealização e como contraponto às manifestações clínicas da pulsão de morte.(AU)

This text discusses the trajectory of humor in Freud's work. It emphasizes the distinction between what is a joke, what is comical and what is humorous in relation to econonomic, topic and dynamic aspects. It seeks to demonstrate how the metapsycholo-gy of humor, which is considered a rare and precious gift, provides a basis for the understanding of the processes of sublimatory creation. It also stresses the im-portance of humor as a resource to be used in the psychoanalytical treatment in the dieselization work, and as a counterpoint to the clinical manifestation of the death drive.(AU)

El presente texto analiza la trayectoria del humor en la obra de Freud. Hace hincapié en la distinción entre el chiste, el cómico y el humor en relación con los aspectos económico, tópico y dinámico. Pretende demostrar cómo la metapsicología del humor, considerado un regalo raro y precioso, se ofrece como base para la comprensión de los procesos de creación sublimatoria. Subraya también la importancia del humor como un recurso para ser utilizado en la clínica psicoanalítica en el trabajo de desidealización y como contrapunto a las manifestaciones clínicas de la pulsión de muerte.(AU)

Riso: uma solução intermediária para os racistas no Brasil / Laugh: an intermediate solution for racists in Brazil

O objetivo do presente trabalho consiste em considerar o riso como uma forma expressiva de transmissão e manutenção do preconceito racial contra o negro no Brasil. O riso é manifesto como reverberação do relato da piada racista em espaços sociais de lazer nos quais os grupos liberam e partilham seu racismo encoberto. Consideramos que se trata de uma prática social, negociada inconscientemente, cuja principal função está em lidar com o dilema de identidade do brasileiro frente à melindrosa questão das relações raciais no país. Utilizaremos como suporte teórico os conceitos de aliança inconsciente e transmissão psíquica e a categoria do intermediário, oriundas da teoria psicanalítica do francês René Kaës que parece penetrar as realidades dos pactos intersubjetivos selados inconscientemente. A leitura proposta atesta a interface entre inconsciente e cultura, apontando um dinâmico e criativo processo de construção e desconstrução de soluções intermediárias de defesa, coletivamente produzidas e articuladas.(AU)

The aim of the present work is to consider the laugh as an expressive way of transmitting and maintaining the racial prejudice against the black in Brazil. The laugh is manifested as a reverberation of the racist joke at social leisurely spaces where members release and share their covert racism. We consider that this represents a social practice that has been negotiated unconsciously and whose main function is to deal with the identity dilemma faced by the Brazilians with regard to the delicate issue of racial relations in the country. We use as theoretical support the concepts of unconscious alliances and psychic transmission and the intermediate category, all derived from the French psychoanalytic theorist René Kaës. These concepts seem to reach and penetrate the realities of the inter-subjective agreements sealed unconsciously. Our proposed reading attests to the interface between the unconscious and culture pointing to a dynamic and creative construction-deconstruction process of intermediate defensive solutions collectively produced and articulated.(AU)

Riso: uma solução intermediária para os racistas no Brasil / Laugh: an intermediate solution for racists in Brazil

O objetivo do presente trabalho consiste em considerar o riso como uma forma expressiva de transmissão e manutenção do preconceito racial contra o negro no Brasil. O riso é manifesto como reverberação do relato da piada racista em espaços sociais de lazer nos quais os grupos liberam e partilham seu racismo encoberto. Consideramos que se trata de uma prática social, negociada inconscientemente, cuja principal função está em lidar com o dilema de identidade do brasileiro frente à melindrosa questão das relações raciais no país. Utilizaremos como suporte teórico os conceitos de aliança inconsciente e transmissão psíquica e a categoria do intermediário, oriundas da teoria psicanalítica do francês René Kaës que parece penetrar as realidades dos pactos intersubjetivos selados inconscientemente. A leitura proposta atesta a interface entre inconsciente e cultura, apontando um dinâmico e criativo processo de construção e desconstrução de soluções intermediárias de defesa, coletivamente produzidas e articuladas

The aim of the present work is to consider the laugh as an expressive way of transmitting and maintaining the racial prejudice against the black in Brazil. The laugh is manifested as a reverberation of the racist joke at social leisurely spaces where members release and share their covert racism. We consider that this represents a social practice that has been negotiated unconsciously and whose main function is to deal with the identity dilemma faced by the Brazilians with regard to the delicate issue of racial relations in the country. We use as theoretical support the concepts of unconscious alliances and psychic transmission and the intermediate category, all derived from the French psychoanalytic theorist René Kaës. These concepts seem to reach and penetrate the realities of the inter-subjective agreements sealed unconsciously. Our proposed reading attests to the interface between the unconscious and culture pointing to a dynamic and creative construction-deconstruction process of intermediate defensive solutions collectively produced and articulated

A importância do brincar no desenvolvimento psicomotor: relato de experiência / The entertainment as resource physiotherapeutic in development psychomotor

Toda criança, brincando, desenvolve habilidades motoras, sensoriais, afetivas, cognitivas, sociais e culturais, que atendem ao progresso do desenvolvimento. A família tem a função de motivar e mediar essas atividades. Objetivo: Avaliar influência de atividades lúdicas associadas à participação da família no desenvolvimento psicomotor de crianças com necessidades especiais de 0-3 anos. Metodologia: Participaram 3 crianças, com média de idade de 1 ano e 10meses. A intervenção foi realizada em domicílio, por quatro meses, utilizando como métodos de avaliação o Inventário Portage Operacionalizado e questionários pré e pós-intervenção. Resultados: Observou-se evolução no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, comparando as avaliações, e os questionários indicaram a importância dos familiares nas brincadeiras. Conclusão: A intervenção lúdicaproporciona boa estimulação psicomotora, principalmente associada à presença familiar. (AU)

Every child at play develops motor skills, sensory, affective, cognitive, social and cultural rights, which serve the development progress. The family has a role to motivate and facilitate such activities. Objective: To evaluate the influence of recreational activities associated with the participation of the family in the activities of the psychomotor development of children from 0-3 years with special needs. Mehodologic: 3 children, with average age of 1 year and 10 months. The intervention was performed at home in four months using methods of assessment Inventory Portage operationalized and the pre and post-intervention questionnaire. Results: There was progress in psychomotor development by comparing the assessments and questionnaires indicated the importance of family in the games with the child. Conclusion: The intervention provides good recreational psychomotor stimulation mainly associated with family presence. (AU)

El humor, la psicoterapia y la psiquiatría el humor en la narrativa colombiana contemporánea" / Humor, psychotherapy and psychiatry the humor in contemporary colombian narrative

La narrativa colombiana contemporánea presenta como característica sobresaliente una focalización del humor que le permite construir, mediante parodias, comparaciones o juegos verbales y discursivos, una relectura del tiempo presente en su complejidad cultural. Esta ponencia propone el estudio de la vena humorística, desde la cual la literatura desarrolla no sólo su función lúdica, sino una muy interesante terapia de sanidad social, en correspondencia a la función catártica que algunos teóricos señalan como parte del oficio creador. Terapia de lo lúdico que se expresa por parte de los autores más importantes del país, que significativamente aparece potenciada en tiempos de crisis. Este trabajo hace parte de un texto de mayores proporciones y alcances. Se seleccionan unas muestras con las cuales se señalan las características, verbales o de enunciación humorística más notables...

The contemporary colombian narrative presents as ouststanding characteristic a focalization on humour which allows it to construct, by parodies, comparisons or verbal and discursive games, a second lecture on the cultural complexity of our times. This proposal proposes a study of the humorous vein from which litterature develops not only its ludic function, but also a very interesting therapy of social sanity, corresponding to the cathartic function which some theorists designate as part of the creating labour. Ludic therapy is expressed by the most important authors of the country, that appears significantly potent in times of crisis. This work is a part of a text with wider proportions and coverage. With few selected samples, the most notorious verbal and humorous enunciation characteristics are designated...